In the context of all cargo transportation, this is an average of €6.72 per trip. Cargo theft represents a value that the European Union (EU) estimates as €8.2 billion annually. The theft of goods poses a significant problem across the globe. The study’s results have implications for researchers and practitioners as cargo theft incidents lead to a disruption in the flow of goods. The purpose of this study is to explore patterns of reported cargo thefts involving violence in the Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) region with respect to the value of stolen goods, incident frequency, transport chain location, incident category, and modi operandi (MO).
Hence, the main research question in this study is: Are violent cargo crimes characterized by seasonal effects? Research purpose However, there is no prior research on seasonal patterns in violent thefts. The loss of a truck loaded with expensive consumer electronics a few weeks before Christmas can, of course, have a substantial impact on the regional market. For example, business representatives often talk about the “Christmas rush” in cargo theft, referring to an increase in thefts linked to Christmas sales (Ekwall and Lantz 2013). Such effects imply a non-constant theft endangerment over the year, month, or day. These effects may be related to calendar elements like time-of-year, time-of-week, and even time-of-day. The third issue, which relates to insurance policies and regulations and the role of insurance providers, will only be addressed in this paper in the context of violent theft.Īccording to Ekwall and Lantz ( 2013), cargo theft is a crime generally characterized by seasonal effects. This paper will address two of the three aforementioned features, namely the use of violence in relation to the value of stolen products in cargo theft incidents. Thus, violent thefts against delivery vehicles cause a geographically-linked supply chain disruption. This led to all scheduled deliveries within a certain geographical area in Stockholm being temporarily stopped and delayed for a few days. For example, in September 2014, following several violent thefts on delivery vehicles within a short period, a logistics service provider (LSP) invoked a force majeure clause in accordance with liability regulations (Karlsson 2014). In addition to the direct effect of cargo loss as a result of such thefts, there is a disruptive effect due to the violent modus operandi. Second, there are differences across Europe in terms of how violence is used and in terms of transport chain locations, including where the shipment is targeted. First, potential perpetrators have determined during the planning stages of certain cargo thefts to use violence. This type of hot spot is normally referred to as “around the corner” (cf Ekwall and Lantz 2016).īoth of these descriptions of violent cargo thefts signal a few interesting features. Another key component is that the attack normally happens within just a few kilometers of the consignor or consignee’s terminal (van Marle 2015). Cargo thefts in the greater Paris area are a good example as these crimes are three times more likely to involve violence as compared to cargo thefts in other parts of France. Furthermore, FreightWatch reports that of the top ten freight crime hotspots in Europe, seven will see an increase in violent thefts and hijackings in the future (van Marle 2015).
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Normally, the stolen truck or van is then set on fire, and the hijacked drivers are released shortly thereafter in remote locations (FWI SCIC 2015).Īccording to van Marle ( 2015), violent cargo crimes are on the rise in Europe, especially in France, Italy, and Russia. The hijacked truck or van is then driven by the perpetrators to a nearby hiding place where another truck or van is waiting, and the products are immediately unloaded onto the truck or van. According to an example from the French Police (OCLDI), the following is a typical hijacking: Once the truck or van has been forced into stopping (by a car or a van blocking the road), the drivers are pulled out of the vehicle and very often taken hostage or even physically assaulted. There are two main features of a hijacking of goods transported by road, namely violence and timing.
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